Book Title:

Brain Bee

Table of Contents

. _ blank. (1)
. _ blank. (2)
What is Brain Bee. (3)
. _ It is a staged competition. (4)
. _ . _ What are the stages?. (5)
. _ . _ . _ Online Quiz. (6)
. _ . _ . _ . _ What to study?. (7)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Electronic Book. (8)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Contents. (9)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ The Nervous System. (10)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (11)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Nervous System. (12)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (13)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Brain plus. (14)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Spinal cord plus. (15)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Periferal Nerves. (16)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What is it made of?. (17)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Nerve (Bundles of neurons) plus. (18)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ glail support cells. (19)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What types are there?. (20)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Sensory (Detection) Neurons or. (21)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Motor (command) Neurons or. (22)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Interneurons (communation neurons) . (23)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What makes up a nerve?. (24)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Clump of interconnected neurons as in brain or. (25)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Bundle of neuron wires. (26)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What is in a Neuron?. (27)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Cell body plus. (28)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Processors. (29)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (30)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ dendrite (latin for hair) or. (31)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Axon long transmission wires. (32)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (33)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (34)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Syapses that spray excitor chemicals. (35)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ wa. (36)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Reflexs where stimulus cause a reaction not involving the brain. (37)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Highway connecting the brain to the body. (38)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What are the parts of the brain?. (39)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Cerebral Hemispheres. (40)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Brain stem. (41)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (42)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Hind brain plus. (43)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Mid Brain plus. (44)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ 'between brain' diencephalon. (45)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (46)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Top of hind brain 'cerebellum'. (47)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ H. (48)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Send chemical Messages up the into the Cerebral Brain. (49)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (50)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ thalmus plus. (51)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ hypothalamus. (52)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (53)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ core Basal Ganglia plus. (54)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ cerebral cortex. (55)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ K. (56)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Control voluntry conscious actions. (57)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Reverse wiring left brain control right body. (58)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ includes. (59)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ LR connection called corpus callosum. (60)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Neurons and Action Potential. (61)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ H. (62)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Cooperate plus. (63)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Compete. (64)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Multiple axons from many neurons hook into the dendrites then. (65)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Dendrites recieve a composite Chem signal then. (66)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Neuron cell body triggers a pulse then. (67)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Travels down axon as an electrical pulse then. (68)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ The axon finishes in a synapse that sticks into the dendrites of another neuron. (69)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Know the neuron. (70)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Dendrites plus. (71)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Cell body plus. (72)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Axon plus. (73)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Synapse or. (74)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Recieving plus. (75)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Intergrating (sum or subtract) plus. (76)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ transmitting. (77)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Forms. (78)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Spinal Motor Neuron or. (79)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Pyrimidal Neuron or. (80)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Purkinje Neuron. (81)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Parts of Neuron. (82)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Membrane. (83)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Cytoskeleton. (84)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ "compartments" - vesicules. (85)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Dendrite spines. (86)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Description. (87)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Growth Factors. (88)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Dynamics. (89)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Synapse junction between cells. (90)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What do synapse do?. (91)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Excite the dendrite or. (92)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ INHIBITION signalsreduce activity then. (93)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Signals add up to trigger the Neuron. (94)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Axons. (95)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ How do axons transmit their signal. (96)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Action Potential. (97)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Sodium opens up increasing volts then. (98)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Potassium drops voltage then. (99)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ signal stimulates the next segment of axon. (100)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Ion Pumps remove the ions used. (101)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ after pulse dead time. (102)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What else is required. (103)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Insulator wrap cells Myelin Sheath . (104)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Gaps speed transmision. (105)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What are the pulse like?. (106)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Digital "on off only". (107)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Strength by Frequency up 1000 per second. (108)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Chemical Messengers. (109)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What happens after axon. (110)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Synaotuc vesicles. (111)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Action Potential releases Ca++ that releases Enzymes. (112)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What is the process?. (113)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Action Potential then. (114)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Calcium ions then. (115)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Enzymes then. (116)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What are the types of Enzymes. (117)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Snare or. (118)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Tagmin or. (119)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Brevin. (120)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Vesicles fuse with membrane and burst then. (121)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ cross synaptic cleft then. (122)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What happens after?. (123)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Vesicle Refuses and refills with Neuro transmitter. (124)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Glial Cells vaccum up free Neurotransmitters. (125)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Transporters clean up neuro transmitters. (126)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ The neurotransmitters simulate RECEPTORs in the dendrites then. (127)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Glail cells recycle neurotransmitters. (128)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Receptor is a LOCK opened with the NT key then. (129)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Positive ion flow then. (130)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ excitatory post-synaptic potential (epsp) then. (131)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Large numbers of epsp lead to triggering cell. (132)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What are the types of neurotranmitters?. (133)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Excitory "Glutimate" or. (134)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Inhibitor. (135)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ What types?. (136)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ GABA or. (137)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Glycine. (138)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ How do the work?. (139)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Timing and threshold. (140)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ or difuse to a greater area. (141)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Drugs and the Brain. (142)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Touch and Pain. (143)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Vision. (144)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Movement. (145)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ The developing Nervous sysem. (146)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Dyslexia. (147)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Plasticity. (148)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Learning and Memory. (149)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Stress. (150)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ The immune system. (151)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Sleep. (152)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Brain Imaging. (153)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Artifical Brains and Neural Networks. (154)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ When things go wrong. (155)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Neuroethics. (156)
. _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ . _ Training and Careers. (157)

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Question WBB

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Question St

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is held during Brain Awareness Week. Students study the book Neuroscience: Science of the Brain. An Introduction for Young Students by The British Neuroscience Association (BNA) and European Dana Alliance for the Brain (EDAB). They then complete an on-line quiz in their schools under exam conditions to determine their knowledge and understanding of the structure and function of the brain 14 - 20 March 2016

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Question WTS

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Reponse ELB

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Question Con

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Reponse NS

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Question

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Question

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Reponse Br

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Reponse Sp

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Reponse PN

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Question WM

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Reponse Nv

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Reponse gl

What is there role? -structural support >How do they compare in Number to Neurons -there are many more

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Question Ty

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Reponse Se

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Reponse Mo

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Question Str

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Reponse Cl

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Reponse Bu

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Question Neu

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Reponse Ce

What does a cell body do? -standard functions to keep cell alive

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Reponse Pr

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Question

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Reponse den

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Reponse Ax

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Question

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Question

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Reponse Sy

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Question fu

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Reponse Re

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Reponse Hw

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Question In

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Reponse CH

What does Cerebral mean - Cere - brain, bral -thinking= thinking brain

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Question

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an extension of the spinal cord. It contains networks of neurons that constitute centres for the control of vital functions such as breathing and blood pressure. Within these are networks of neurons whose activity controls these functions.

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modulate the activity of neurons in the higher centres of the brain

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relays impulses from all sensory systems to the cerebral cortex, which in turn sends messages back to the thalamus. This back-and-forward aspect of connectivity in the brain is intriguing - information doesn’t just travel one way

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Question

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Reponse co

play a central role in the initiation and control of movement

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Question KF

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Reponse Vol

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Reponse RW

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Question

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Reponse LR

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Reponse NAP

What is a neuron? -cell that generates a nerve pulse from senses (sensory) generates a pulse from another (interneuron) or fires a muscle (motor)

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Question HW

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Reponse Cop

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Reponse Com

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Reponse MA

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Reponse Che

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Reponse Des

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Reponse Ax

Is it like electricity in a wire? -no, more like chemical dominoes > Is it digital? -Yes it is, but not binary >What would it look like if it were a number? -00100100100100... 000000001000000001... >do we need to know this for Brain Bee? -no Dr Hill just though you should know

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Reponse MA

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Question KN

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Reponse Den

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Reponse Bod

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Reponse Syn

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Reponse Int

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Reponse Tr

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Question Fo

There are three structural types

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Reponse Pyr

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Reponse Pur

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Question Pa

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Reponse Mem

basically skin of cell

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Reponse Cyt

Rigid protien tube called micro tubals

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Reponse DS

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Question Des

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Reponse GF

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Reponse Dyn

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Reponse Syn

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Question Do?

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Reponse Ex

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Reponse In

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Reponse Trg

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Reponse Ax

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Question Do?

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Reponse AP

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Reponse Na

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Reponse K

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Reponse ST

So a neuron is kind of miniature calculator - constantly adding and subtracting. What it adds and subtracts are the messages it receives from other neurons. Some synapses produce excitation, others inhibition. How these signals constitute the basis of sensation, thought and movement depends very much on the network in which the neurons are embedded.

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Question Els

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Reponse Gap

every so often the glial cells helpfully leave a little gap. Here the axon concentrates its Na +and K+ ion channels. These clusters of ion channels function as amplifiers that boost and maintain the action potential as it literally skips along the nerve. This can be very fast. In fact, in myelinated neurons, action-potentials can race along at 100 metres per second!

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Question Lik

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Reponse Dig

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Reponse Feq

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Reponse ChM

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Question WA

Action potentials are transmitted along axons to specialised regions called synapses, where the axons contact the dendrites of other neurons. These consist of a presynaptic nerve ending, separated by a small gap from the postsynaptic component which is often located on a dendritic spine. The electrical currents responsible for the propagation of the action potential along axons cannot bridge the synaptic gap. Transmission across this gap is accomplished by chemical messengers called neurotransmitters

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Reponse SV

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Reponse ACE

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Question WP

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Reponse AP

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Reponse Ca

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Reponse EZ

What is an enzyme? -chemical key that turns on cell chemical reactions >What is the name for these enzymes -" presynaptic proteins "

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Question Ty

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Reponse Sn

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Question Af

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Reponse VR

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Question Af

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Reponse Tr

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Reponse Re

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Reponse Rc

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Reponse L&K

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Reponse +F

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Reponse ep

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Reponse Th

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Question WT

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Reponse Ex

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Reponse In

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Question Wt

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Reponse GB

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Reponse Gly

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Question HW

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Reponse T&T

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Question DGA

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Reponse D&B

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Reponse T&P

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Reponse Vis

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Reponse Mov

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Reponse Dev

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Reponse Dys

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Reponse Pla

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Reponse L&M

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Reponse Str

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Reponse ImS

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Reponse Slp

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Reponse BIm

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Reponse Art

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Reponse Wro

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Reponse Eth

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Reponse T&C